The Parisian club has now secured the season-opening cup on 14 separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past Marseille in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the showdown between the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the net in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side fired twice late to seize a surprise advantage. Initially, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial equaliser in the final moments to force the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for PSG to seal a convincing shootout win.
The record winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the past thirteen seasons.